modals, semi-modals
modals : come from inside, change ( the mode / the power / the possibility / the duty ) of verb.
semi-modals : come from outside
modal (present, future / past) |
semi- modal |
---|---|
must ※過去形には使えない | have to |
shall (suggestion) / should (these days more formal) | need to (ought to) |
may / might | want to |
will / would | be going to |
can (general ability) / could | be able to (specific event, these days more formal) |
can | may | might | could | would | will | shall | must | should | ought to | used to | |
possibility | ● | ● | ● | 〇 | |||||||
ability | 〇 | 〇 | |||||||||
permission | 〇 | △ | △ | △ | |||||||
habit | 〇 | ||||||||||
volition ( or wish) | △ | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | |||||||
prediction ( or future) | 〇 | ● | ● | ||||||||
unreal meaning | △ | ● | ● | 〇 | |||||||
"tentative(暫定)" meaning | △ | ||||||||||
strong obligation | ● | ||||||||||
weak obligation | ● | ● | |||||||||
strong deduction(推論) | ● | ||||||||||
weak deduction | 〇 | ● | ● | ||||||||
past state or habid | ● |