modals, semi-modals
modals : come from inside, change ( the mode / the power / the possibility / the duty ) of verb.
semi-modals : come from outside
| modal (present, future / past) |
semi- modal |
|---|---|
| must ※過去形には使えない | have to |
| shall (suggestion) / should (these days more formal) | need to (ought to) |
| may / might | want to |
| will / would | be going to |
| can (general ability) / could | be able to (specific event, these days more formal) |
| can | may | might | could | would | will | shall | must | should | ought to | used to | |
| possibility | ● | ● | ● | 〇 | |||||||
| ability | 〇 | 〇 | |||||||||
| permission | 〇 | △ | △ | △ | |||||||
| habit | 〇 | ||||||||||
| volition ( or wish) | △ | 〇 | 〇 | 〇 | |||||||
| prediction ( or future) | 〇 | ● | ● | ||||||||
| unreal meaning | △ | ● | ● | 〇 | |||||||
| "tentative(暫定)" meaning | △ | ||||||||||
| strong obligation | ● | ||||||||||
| weak obligation | ● | ● | |||||||||
| strong deduction(推論) | ● | ||||||||||
| weak deduction | 〇 | ● | ● | ||||||||
| past state or habid | ● |
